不同施肥对土壤微生物活性、群落结构和生物量的影响.pdfVIP

中国农学通报 2010,26(14):204-208 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 不同施肥对土壤微生物活性、群落结构和生物量的影响 李桂花 （中国农科院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京100081） 摘 要：概述了不同施肥措施对微生物活性、生物量和群落结构的影响，以及微生物因原有土壤肥力、施 肥时间长短、肥料数量等不同而对不同施肥措施做出不同的响应。施肥是影响土壤碳、氮含量的最主 要农业措施，而土壤中的碳和氮是微生物生命活动的基础，土壤微生物生命活动是土壤养分转化的活 的驱动力。化肥对微生物数量、活性和多样性的直接影响很有限，但它可通过增加作物产量、秸秆还田 量和土壤有机质的方式间接增加微生物活性。化肥尤其氮肥的另外一个间接作用就是使土壤酸化，从 而对微生物有显著负影响。而有机肥可直接为土壤微生物提供碳源，或通过促作物生长和秸秆还田为 微生物间接提供碳源。总之，长期不同施肥改变土壤养分的转化途径，从而影响土壤供氮能力和碳贮 备能力，最终影响土壤可持续性和土壤质量。 关键词：化肥；有机肥；土壤微生物活性；微生物群落结构；微生物生物量 中图分类号：S147.2 ，S154.3 文献标志码：A 论文编号：2010-0343 Effect of Organic Amendments and Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Microbial Activity, Biomass and Community Structure Li Guihua (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081) Abstract: This paper summarized the effect of organic amendments and chemical fertilizer on soil microbial activity, biomass and community structure, as well as different microbial feedback to fertilizer inputs because of dissimilar original soil fertility, long/short term fertilizer inputs and amount of fertilizer. Fertilizer inputs is the most important agricultural management practice affecting soil carbon and nitrogen content. Moreover, soil carbon and nitrogen provide a direct source for soil organisms. Furthermore, microbial activity is a live driving force for soil nutrition transformation. Mineral fertilizers have limited direct effects on soil microbial activity, quantity and diversity, but their application can enhance soil microbial activity via increases in crop production, crop residue returns and soil organic matter. Another impo