英语词汇学7-3.pptVIP

7.3 Hyponymy – the kind-of relation hyponymy: the relationship that obtains between specific and general lexical items, such that the former is included in the later (i.e. is a “hyponym of of the latter) Superordinate is the more general term and may have many hyponyms which include the meaning of a more general word. e.g. fruit (super-ordinate)---orange, apple, pear, plum (hyponyms) This sense relation may be also shown by the diagram: Food meat vegetable fruit beef pork mutton celery spinach cabbage apple orange peach 7.4 Meronymy – the part- of relation Meronymy: describe a part-whole relationship between lexical items. The semantic relation that holds between a part and the whole . It is the relationship which obtains between parts (meronyms) and wholes (holonyms), such as finger and hand or door and handle . “X is a part of y” is the syntactic frame. So: X is a meronym of Y if X is a part of Y. X is a meronym of Y if X is a substance of Y. X is a meronym of Y if X is a member of Y. Blue is a meronym of colour. Doctor is a meronym of professional. St Paul’s Cathedral is a meronym of Church of England. tree root trunk brunch leaf 7.5 Componential Analysis and Semantic Features 7.5.1 Componential analysis on the basis of semantic contrast the analysis of word meanings is often seen as a process of breaking down the sense of a word into its minimal components, (Leech 1982: 84) which are known as semantic features or sense components. A B C (1) man woman child [Human] (2) bull cow calf [Bovine] (3) raw ewe lamb [Ovine] (4) boar so