英语词汇学5-2012.8..pptVIP

Chapter 5  The Formation of English Words (1) — Major Types Points for Thinking 1. Is the morpheme a minimal unit in a word? Give examples to illustrate your judgment. 2. What are the relations among stems, roots and affixes? 3. Do you think there is something in common between inflectional and derivational morphemes? Why or why not? 4. Give examples to state the characteristics of conversion. 5. Why do we say that compounds are usually easy to understand in meaning? 5.1 Notions of Morphological Formation 5.1.1 Morpheme: is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms. 最小的有意义的单位最小的构词单位 Morphemes can also be classified into roots and affixes.  What is usually considered a single word in English may be composed of one or more morphemes:One morpheme---nationTwo morphemes---nation-alThree morphemes---nation-al-izeFour morphemes---de-nation-al-ize（使…非国有化）More than four morphemes---de-nation-al-iz-ation So we can define morpheme in this way: the smallest unit in terms of relationship between expression and content, a unit which can not be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical.■A morpheme is a two-facet language unit in that it possesses both sound and meaning. 5.1.2 Free and bound morphemes Free morphemes(自由词素）： Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free. Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. A free morpheme is one that may constitute a word (free form) by itself, in the traditional sense. 能独立应用，有完整的意义，在句中充当一个自由的语法单位。 e.g. man, faith, read, write, red Bound morphemes(粘附词素): morphemes that can not occur as separate words. It can not stand by itself as a complete utterance; it must appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound. Unlike free morphemes, they do not have independent semantic meaning; inst