第十三讲 Shading(II).pptVIP

Shading (II) The Complete Phong Model Vectors Used by thePhong Lighting Model Outline Computation of Vectors Polygonal Shading Approximation of a Sphere by Recursive Subdivision Light Sources in OpenGL Specification of Materials in OpenGL Shading of the Sphere Model Global Rendering Computation of Vectors Normal Vectors Angle of Reflection Use of the Halfway Vector Transmitted Light Normal Vectors Normal vectors exist at every point on smooth surfaces. Specification of the Normal in OpenGL Angle of Reflection: r Use of the Halfway Vector for the modified Phone Model To avoid the computation of r·v at every point, we can use the halfway vector h. If we replace r·v with n·h, we avoid computation of r. The halfway angle is usually smaller than that in the coplanar case. The size of the specular highlights will be smaller. This can be mitigated by using another shininess coefficient. Transmitted Light Snell’s Law Polygonal Shading Flat Shading Gouraud Shading Phong Shading Flat Shading Each point on the polygon is assigned the same shade. Small differences in shading between adjacent polygons are visible. Flat shading exaggerates the visual effect of the boundaries between polygons due to the Mach band effect, even for smooth surfaces. Mach Bands Interpolative and Gouraud Shading Flat vs Gourand Shading Phong Shading Approximation of a Sphere by Recursive Subdivision Light Sources in OpenGL Specification of Materials in OpenGL Shading of the Sphere Model sphere.c Global Rendering Global lighting models are incompatible with the pipeline architecture. Global Effects Shadows, multiple reflections, refraction, blockage of light, etc., are global effects. Ray Tracing : Initial Stage Divide the image plane into pixel-sized areas. Generate a cast ray through each pixel. If the ray goes off to infinity without striking anything Assign background color to the pixel. If the ray strikes a surface Calculate a shade for the point of intersection. Ray-casting model Ray Tracing: Co