四川大学自动化专业英语Chapterone.pptVIP

Chapter oneIntroduction and Linearized Dynamic Models（动态模型） 1.1 Introduction In the first part of this chapter, after a general introduction, the concepts of open-loop and closed-loop control are discussed in the context of water level(液位) control system. This example is then used to introduce fundamental considerations in control system analysis and design. In the second part of the chapter, Laplace transforms are discussed and used to define the transfer function of a system. This is a linearized model（模型） of the dynamic(动态) behavior of the system that will serve as the basis for system analysis and design in most of this book. Block diagram reduction is used to obtain the transfer function of a system consisting of interconnected subsystems. 1.2 Examples and Classification（n,分类） of Control System Control system exists in a virtually infinite variety, both in type of application and level of sophistication（复杂）（实际上，控制系统无论是在应用的种类还是复杂程度上都存在多种形式）. The heating system and the water heater（热水器） in a house are system in which only the sign of the difference between desired and actual temperatures is used for control. Examples and Classification（n,分类） of Control System If the temperature drops below a set value(设定值), a constant heat source is switched on, to be switched off again when the temperature above a set maximum. Examples and Classification（n,分类） of Control System One classification of control system is the following: Process control or regulator systems: The controlled variables, or output, must be held as close as possible to a usually constant desired value, or input, despite any disturbances. Servomechanisms: The input varied and the output must be made to follow it as closely as possible. Power steering（转向装置） is one example of the second class, equivalent to systems for positioning（定位） control surfaces on aircraft. Automated manufacturing machinery, such as numerically controlled machine tools, uses servos extensively for the control of positions or