Module5《Cloning》Grammar学案2（外研版选修6）.docVIP

虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种： ?一、与现在事实相反 连接词 条件从句 主句 If 1.动词过去式(或were) 2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形 should would +动词原形 could might If he had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately. 二.与将来事实相反 连接词 条件从句 主句 If 1.?? 1. should+动词原形 2.????2. 动词过去式 3. were to+动词原形 should would +动词原形 could might If you should lose, what would you do? If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. ?三、与过去事实相反 连接词 条件从句 主句 If had+过去分词 should would + have+过去分词 could might If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country 四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法 省掉if的条件从句结构： Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…) 2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he...) 3.??有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如： If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. If I were you, I would have gone home. ?五、虚拟语气的其他用法 1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下： suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, +that…(should )+动词原形 desire, ask, move, propose等 注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。 He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking. 上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。 He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking. 如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。 He insists that he is right. ?2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下： imperative, advisable, 动词完成式 It is (was) + important, natural, necessary +that…(should) + essential, strange,等 动词原形 It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders. It is right that you should have done your homework. 3、wish的用法 动词过去式或were(与现在事实相反) 主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去完成式(与过去事实相反) 助动词过去试+动词原形(与将来事实相反) I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..) I wish I had never