Ancient History of Asia.ppt

Ancient History of Asia Before After the Westerners Came Outline Ancient civilizations in Asia Empires and dynasties Qin Dynasty tributary system After Westerners came Opium War Meiji Restoration Mesopotamia First known civilization (7,000 B.C.) Earliest cities (3,500 B.C.) Became part of the Persian Empire in 6th century B.C. Indus Valley Civilization Bronze Age culture (2500 B.C.-1700 B.C.) Cities dominated by large public buildings Invasion by Aryans from the north in 1500 B.C. Chinese Civilization Shang Dynasty (1,600 B.C. - 1,047 B.C.) 31 kings of same family weak central control written record Zhou Dyn. (1047-256 B.C.) Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.) Qin Shi Huang (``First Emperor of Qin”) Unification Centralized control laws, measures, currency, roads, Great Wall, thinking Later Dynasties Han (206 B.C. - 220 A.D.) Jin (265 - 420) Sui (581 - 618) Tang (618 - 907) Song (960 - 1279) Yuan (1271 - 1368) Ming (1368 - 1644) China’s Tributary System Traditional system for managing foreign relations The ``Central Kingdom” worldview Ming dynasty (1368 - 1644) had the most extensive tributary system tributes from East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and even West Asia and Africa Zheng He’s fleet (1405-33) Over 300 ships 20,000 men trade and commerce Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and East Africa Zheng He’s expeditions Ancient Southeast Asia Buddhist kingdoms and empires trade with East and South Asia near continuous warfare invasion by Mongols in the 1300’s spread of Islam in 1400 - 1620 mosaic of small states Cause of the Opium War The Opium War (1840-42) British navy captured Hong Kong and defeated China Historic Turning Point Series of western invasions Unequal treaties with Western powers extraterritorial jurisdiction tariffs subject to approval by Western powers Shattered tributary system Exacerbated domestic crises Culminated in the fall of Qing dynasty Japan’s Meiji Restoration Similar challenges, different response Japan’s 250-year seclusion Commodor