《计算机网络——自顶向下方法和Internet特色》幻灯片Lecture53.ppt

Link Layer 5.1 Introduction and services 5.2 Error detection and correction 5.3 Multiple access protocols 5.4 Link-Layer Addressing 5.5 Ethernet 以太网 5.6 Hubs and switches 5.7 PPP Ethernet “dominant” wired LAN technology: cheap - $20 for 1000Mbs! first widely used LAN technology Simpler, cheaper than token LANs and ATM Kept up with speed race: 10 Mbps – 10 Gbps 以太网（Ethernet） “统治” LAN的技术: 便宜， ￥50 for 100Mbs! 最早被广泛应用的 LAN 技术 较为简单, 比 token LANs 和ATM便宜 赶上了速率竞赛的步伐: 10, 100, 1000 Mbps Ethernet Bus implementations Early days –the vampire tap Later: “thinnet”(coax with Tconnectors) Star topology Twisted pair is better. 10baseT introduced in early 90s, never went back Connection choices: hub or switch Hubs Hubs are essentially physical-layer repeaters: bits coming from one link go out all other links at the same rate (or bits get scrambled…) no frame buffering no CSMA/CD at hub: adapters detect collisions Meeting room analogy Bus: conference room Hub: conference call Ethernet Frame Structure Sending adapter encapsulates IP datagram (or other network layer protocol packet) in Ethernet frame Preamble: 7 bytes with patternfollowed by one byte with pattern（total: 8 bytes） used to synchronize receiver, sender clock rates Why? 以太网帧结构 发送适配器将IP分组封装在以太网帧中(或其他网络层协议分组) Preamble（前同步码）: 7 个字节尾随一个节 用来同步收发双方的时钟速率 Ethernet Frame Structure (more) Addresses: 6 bytes if adapter receives frame with matching destination address, or with broadcast address (eg ARP packet), it passes data in frame to net-layer protocol otherwise, adapter discards frame Type: indicates the higher layer protocol (mostly IP but others may be supported such as Novell IPX and AppleTalk) CRC: checked at receiver, if error is detected, the frame is simply dropped 以太网帧结构 (续) 地址: 6 个字节, 帧为某个LAN上的所有适配器接收，地址匹配时拆包后转交给网络层IP；但只要地址不匹配就被丢弃 类型: 说明其上层协议,大部分为 IP，但其他协议如Novell IPX和 AppleTalk也支持 CRC: 在接收端校验,如果出错，则将该帧丢弃 802.3/Ethernet v2帧格式 Unreliable, c