DNA STRUCTURE.ppt

DNA STRUCTURE STRUCTURE, FORCES AND TOPOLOGY DNA GEOMETRY A POLYMER OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDES DOUBLE-STRANDED INDIVIDUAL deoxyNUCLEOSIDE TRIPHOSPHATES ARE COUPLED BY PHOSPHODIESTER BONDS ESTERIFICATION LINK 3’ CARBON OF ONE RIBOSE WITH 5’ C OF ANOTHER TERMINAL ENDS : 5’ AND 3’ A “DOUBLE HELICAL” STRUCTURE COMMON AXIS FOR BOTH HELICES “HANDEDNESS” OF HELICES ANTIPARALLEL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 DNA STRANDS DNA GEOMETRY PERIPHERY OF DNA SUGAR-PHOSPHATE CHAINS CORE OF DNA BASES ARE STACKED IN PARALLEL FASHION CHARGAFF’S RULES A = T G = C “COMPLEMENTARY” BASE-PAIRING TAUTOMERIC FORMS OF BASES TWO POSSIBILITIES KETO (LACTAM) ENOL (LACTIM) PROTON SHIFTS BETWEEN TWO FORMS IMPORTANT IN ORDER TO SPECIFY HYDROGEN BONDING RELATIONSHIPS THE KETO FORM PREDOMINATES MAJOR AND MINOR GROOVES MINOR EXPOSES EDGE FROM WHICH C1’ ATOMS EXTEND MAJOR EXPOSES OPPOSITE EDGE OF BASE PAIR THE PATTERN OF H-BOND POSSIBILITIES IS MORE SPECIFIC AND MORE DISCRIMINATING IN THE MAJOR GROOVE STUDY QUESTION: LOCATE ALL OF THE POSSIBILITIES FOR H-BONDING IN THE MAJOR AND MINOR GROOVES FOR THE 4 POSSIBLE BASE-PAIRS STRUCTURE OF THE DOUBLE HELIX THREE MAJOR FORMS B-DNA A-DNA Z-DNA B-DNA IS BIOLOGICALLY THE MOST COMMON RIGHT-HANDED (20 ANGSTROM (A) DIAMETER) COMPLEMENTARY BASE-PAIRING (WATSON-CRICK) A-T G-C EACH BASE PAIR HAS ~ THE SAME WIDTH 10.85 A FROM C1’ TO C1’ A-T AND G-C PAIRS ARE INTERCHANGEABLE “PSEUDO-DYAD” AXIS OF SYMMETRY GEOMETRY OF B-DNA IDEAL B-DNA HAS 10 BASE PAIRS PER TURN BASE THICKNESS AROMATIC RINGS WITH 3.4 A THICKNESS TO RINGS PITCH = 10 X 3.4 = 34 A PER COMPLETE TURN AXIS PASSES THROUGH MIDDLE OF EACH BP MINOR GROOVE IS NARROW MAJOR GROOVE IS WIDE IN CLASS EXERCISE: EXPLORE THE STRUCTURE OF B-DNA. PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE MAJOR, MINOR GROOVES A-DNA RIGHT-HANDED HELIX WIDER AND FLATTER THAN B-DNA 11.6 BP PER TURN PITCH OF 34 A ? AN AXIAL HOLE BASE PLANES ARE TILTED 20 DEGREES WITH RESPECT TO HELICAL AXIS HELIX AXIS PASSES “ABOVE” MAJOR GROOVE ? DEEP MAJOR AND SHALLOW MINOR GRO