ad_hoc网络的一个简要概述：挑战与研究方向外文翻译.docVIP

附 录 英文原文 A Brief Overview of ad hoc Networks: Challenges and Directions One of the most vibrant and active “new” fields today is that of ad hoc networks. Significant research in this area has been ongoing for nearly 30 years, also under the names packet radio or multi-hop networks. ad hoc network is a (possibly mobile) collection of communications devices (nodes) that wish to communicate, but have no fixed infrastructure available, and have no pre-determined organization of available links. Individual nodes are responsible for dynamically discovering which other nodes they can directly communicate with. Ad hoc networking is a multi-layer problem. The physical layer must adapt to rapid changes in link characteristics. The multiple access control (MAC) layer needs to minimize collisions, allow fair access, and semi-reliably transport data over the shared wireless links in the presence of rapid changes and hidden or exposed terminals. The network layer needs to determine and distribute information used to calculate paths in a way that maintains efficiency when links change often and bandwidth is at a premium. It’s also needs to integrate smoothly with traditional, non ad hoc-aware internetworks and perform functions such as auto-configuration in this changing environment. The transport layer must be able to handle delay and packet loss statistics that are very different than wired networks. Finally, applications need to be designed to handle frequent disconnection and reconnection with peer applications as well as widely varying delay and packet loss characteristics. Ad hoc networks are suited for use in situations where infrastructure is either not available, not trusted, or should not be relied on in times of emergency. A few examples include: military solders in the field; sensors scattered throughout a city for biological detection; an infrastructureless network of notebook computers in a conference or campus setting; the forestry or lumber industry; rare anima