Unit3 《Inventors and inventions》学案--Grammar(新人教选修8）.docVIP

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions ---Grammar: 动词-ed形式作定语 动词-ed形式作表语 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 一、动词-ed形式作定语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很近，渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如： spoken English (英语口语)； iced beer (冰冻啤酒)； cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条); 但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”的意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。 1. The tall man is a returned student．高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。 2. My parents are both retired teachers． 我的父母都是退休教师。 (1)前置定语 单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰 的名词的前面, 作前置定语。 The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。 (=the people who were excited) Lost time can never be found again． 虚度的时光, 无法挽回。 (=time which is lost) (2)后置定语 ①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能 作后置定语。 Everything used should be marked． 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。 ② 动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。 Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight) 3. We drank some boiled water (=which had boiled )and went on with our work. 我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。 注意: 这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词, 改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。 1）Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 90) A.invited B. to invite C.being invited D. had been invited 2）The first text books ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94) A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 3) The Olympic games, ____ in 776 BC, didn’t include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 4) Prices of daily foods ____ through a computer can be lower than prices in sto