毕业设计（论文）-冲床光电保护装置的研制.doc

冲床光电保护装置研制 摘 要 在冲床工作时，工人稍不留神就有发生事故的可能，该保护装置就是为保护工人安全的一种装置。 它采用用光传感器作为探测工人的手及其身体其他部位是否离开危险区的敏感器件。若检测到手及其它部位未离开危险区时，发光二极管发出光线被遮挡使光敏三极管接受不到光信号，从而致使继电器不能动作，使冲床立即制动停车，如若正常运行且没有遮挡时，光敏三极管接收发光二极管的光信号，通过四级放大信号，对继电器的触点进行控制使冲床进行正常工作。除此之外，该装置还有故障自检功能，在保护电路一旦出现故障致使自检继电器断开从而触点断开，不仅能及时发出故障信号而且还能自动闭锁机床，工人则无法启动冲床，这就可以从根本上解决保护电路失灵带来的不安全问题。 光电传感器通常由光源，光学通路和光电元件三部分组成的光信号。它们能够分别造成光源本身或光学通路的变化，从而影响传感器输出的电信号。光电传感器设计灵活，形式多样，检测方法具有精度高、反应快，敏感范围敏感范围远远超过了电感、电容、磁力、超声波传感器的敏感范围，非接触等优点，而且可测参数多。近年来，随着光电技术的发展，在越来越多的领域内得到广泛的应用。尤其适合工厂机械安全化要求，基于光电传感的种类选择安全性较高的遮光式传感器。 关键词：光电传感器，放大，自检电路，继电器触点，电磁阀 Press the development of optoelectronic protective devices ABSTRACT When the punch press works, the worker does not pay attention to have slightly has accidents possibility, this protective device is to protect the worker safety one kind of equipment. It uses uses up the sensor achievement to survey workers hand and bodily other spots whether to leave the warning area the sensitive component. When examines succeeds in obtaining and other spots have not left the warning area, the light emitter diode sends out the optical fiber to cover causes the photosensitive triode not to accept the light signal, thus causes the relay not to be able to act, causes the punch press to apply the brake to stop immediately, if normal operation, and has not covered time, the photosensitive triode receive light emitter diodes light signal, through four level of signal amplifications, carries on the control to relays electronic contact to cause the punch press to carry on the normal work. In addition, this equipment also has the breakdown to self-check the function, in protection circuit, once presents the breakdown cause self-checking relay separation, thus electronic contact separation, not can only send out the fault signal moreover also to be able promptly the coupler lock engine bed, the worker to be unable to start the punch press, they can create the photo source itself separately or optics circuits change. The photoelectric