AL Past paper德川幕府 Tokugawa Shogunate.doc

AL Past paper德川幕府 Tokugawa Shogunate 2008 ?就導致德川幕府倒台而言，討論外來侵犯相對於其他因素的重要性。 2007 解釋「專玊攘夷」運動興起的原因，並評估其對1868年「玊政復古」的貢獻。 Explain the rise of the sono-joi (honour the emperor, expel the barbarians) movement, and assess its contribution to the Meiji Restoration of 1868. 2006 相對於其他因素，薩摩、長州兩藩的興起在導致德川幕府倒台一事上有何重要性？試加以探討。 Examine the importance of the rise of Satsuma and Choshu relative to other factors in leading to the downfall of the Tokugawa Shogunate. 2005 培理叩關在哪些方面是德川幕府晚期歷史的轉捩點？ In what ways was the coming of Perry a turning point in late Tokugawa history? 2004 評估德川幕府處理1800-60年間所面對問題的成效。 Assess the effectiveness of the Tokugawa Shogunate in coping with the problems it faced in the period 1800-60. 2003 「」1800-68年間武士是最不滿的階級，也正是武士而非其他階級對德川幕府倒台的貢獻最大。」此說能否成立？試加以評論。 ‘The samurai was the most discontented class in the period 1800-1868 and it was the samurai, rather than other classes, that contributed most to the downfall of the Tokugawa Shogunate.’ Comment on the validity of this statement. 2002 德川幕府在1800年後面對哪些問題？日本門戶開放如何使該等問題惡化？ What problems did the Tokugawa Shogunate face after 1800? How did the opening of Japan intensify these problems? 2001 解釋長州及薩摩藩勢力日益增長的原因，並解釋該兩藩如何導致德川幕府的倒台。 Account for the growing strength of Satsuma and Choshu, and explain how these two hans contributed to the downfall of the Tokugawa Shogunate. (2001) 2000 探討1800-68年間德川幕府為挽救其衰落所作的各項嘗試。儘管有這些嘗試，德川幕府最終難免倒台，其原因是甚麼？試加以解釋。 Examine the attempts made by the Tokugawa Shogunate to save itself from decline in the period 1800-68. Explain why, despite these attempts, the Tokugawa Shogunate eventually collapsed. (2000) 1999 指出19世紀初期德川幕府管治的各項主要特徵，並解釋此等特徵在幕府末年間(1853-68) 是否得以持續。 Identify the main features of Tokugawa rule in the early 19th century, and explain whether these features persisted in the Bakumatsu period (1853-68). (1999) 1998 「尊玊攘夷」這口號為何出現於德川幕府晚期？該口號在什麼程度上於明治政府的政策中得到反映？ Why did the slogan ‘honour the Emperor, expel the barbarians’ appear in the late Tokugawa period? To what extent