托福阅读推断要正逆同时进行.doc

　　托福阅读推断要正逆同时进行 　　托福阅读中比较缠人的便是各种类型的题目，有的时候不光是看明白文章的意思就能做好托福阅读题的，不同托福阅读题型要有不同的方法。 　　说到推断这种托福阅读题型，不要抗拒，更不要苦恼，虽然表面是推断题看着是云里雾里，但其实托福阅读没有你想像的那么难，因为托福作为标准化的考试，肯定会有一定的答题技巧，托福文章有很清晰的逻辑结构，每个自然段往往是按照TS (Topic Sentence) + SD (Supporting details)展开的，而文章多半是按Introduction + Aspects + Attitudes展开的。只有明白了文章的写作思路才能更好更快的做对题目，作者必定是按照一定的行文顺序编排段落的，如果画一个水平轴作为事件发展的顺序，推断题是让你从这个轴上的某一个点去推测，无非就两个方向，顺着轴发展的方向或者逆着轴发展的方向，也就是我们接下来要说的用正向和逆向思维去解决这种托福阅读题。 　　OG上将推断题定义为检查考生对文章中强烈建议但绝不明说观点(strongly implied but not explicitly stated in the text)的理解程度，属于理解性题目，题目要求如下： 　　Paragraph 2 suggests which of the following about X? 　　Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about X? 　　According to paragraph 3, what do Y indicate about X? 　　According to paragraph 4, what does the author imply about X? 　　托福阅读题干中有出现infer, imply, indicate或suggest这四个单词，我们就判定这个题目为推断题，那么推断题应该如何解答呢? 　　第一步，判断题型。我们拿到题目，看到上面四个单词中的任何一个，心中就想着这是推断题，推断题的做题宗旨是文章强烈暗示，要通过文章内容进行合理推断。 　　第二步，审清题干，原文定位。仔细阅读题干，弄清题干内容，推断方向，带着题干核心信息到文章中准确定位。 　　第三步，推测+判断。根据相关句进行正向或逆向的推理，最后择优而选，确定答案。 　　正向推断：和事实信息题做题方法一样，答案就是定位的句子的同义改写。 　　逆向推断：大致分为两种，一种是时间，第二种是两类事物的对比。 　　第一种，题干中往往会出现表示时间的信息，比如：after 1932, since early years of the 19th century. 例如TPO 20 Passage 1 Western Migration Q1: 　　Paragraph 1: The story of the westward movement of population in the US is, in the main, the story of the expansion of American agriculture of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815, improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly. 　　What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815? 　　They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco and cotton. 　　They were able to sell their produce at high prices 　　They had not been successful in raising cattle. 　　They did not operate