给化学式标名称.docVIP

Naming Chemical Compounds * Naming a chemical compound from its chemical formula is a matter of learning a few facts and following a few rules. You will need to know the: * atomic symbols of the elements * valency of each element (derived from its electron configuration) * formula and valency of the common radicals * The first two you should know, or else you can find them in the periodic table. You will know some radicals. * Notice the valencies of the radicals are all negative (except ammonium). Recall that the radicals (except ammonium) are the ‘families’ of compounds formed when acids react with metals. Learn the following simplified rules: Rule 1: A compound with 2 elements only, one metal, one non-metal Ignore any number in the formula. The metal element is named first. The name of the non-metal is shortened. The suffix -ide is added to the shortened non-metal name. E.g. NaCl = sodium chloride; KBr = potassium bromide; All3 = aluminium iodide HOMEWORK Apply Rule 1 to name each of these chemical compounds: LiCl MgS BaN Na2O ZnCl2 CaO CaF2 FeO Al2O3 TiBr2 BeO Na2S CuBr2 Ni3N2 Ag2S Mn2O3 CoF3 K2O SnI4 PbO2 CrCl3 CsI SrF2 ZnI2 Rule 2: Compounds with metal and radical Ignore any numbers and brackets in the formula. The metal element (or ammonium radical) is named first. The radical (or non-metal in the case of ammonium) is named second. E.g. NaOH = sodium hydroxide; KNO3 = potassium nitrate; Al2 (SO4)3 = aluminium sulfate; NH4Cl = ammonium chloride HOMEWORK Apply Rule 2 to name each of these chemical compounds: K2CO3 BaSO3 NH4NO2 Li3PO4 ZnCO3 Ba(OH)2 Al(NO3)3 Fe(NO3)3 Sn(OH)2 BeCO3 FeSO3 Sn3(PO4)2 CuSO4 Al2(CO3)3 Ca(NO3)2 Pb(OH)4 CuCO3 NH4Br CoCO3 MgCO3 Na2CO3 KNO3 MgSO4 (NH4)2CO3 Ni(NO3)2 Rule 3: Compounds with only non-metals If hydrogen is present, it is named first. If no hydrogen, the element which is a solid at room conditions is named first. If any 2 element