分配内存空间(C++Primer中文(第四版)).docVIP

5.11new和delete表达式（P150） 1.动态创建对象的初始化 #include iostream #include string #include new using namespace std; int main() { int i(1024); int *pi=new int(1024); string s(10,9); string *ps=new string(10,9); coutiendl; cout*piendl; coutsendl; cout*psendl; delete pi; delete ps; return 0; } 2.动态创建对象的默认初始化 区别： 1 string *ps=new string;//initialized to empty string string *ps=new string();//initialized to empty string 2. int *ps=new int; //pi points to an uninitialized int int *ps=new int(); //pi points to an int value-initialized to 0 cls *pc=new cls(); // pc points to a value-initialized object of type cls #include iostream #include string #include new using namespace std; int main() { int *pi1=new int; int *pi2=new int(); string *ps1=new string; string *ps2=new string(); cout*pi1endl; //-842150451 cout*pi2endl; //-842150451 与书上不符合 cout*ps1endl; //empty cout*ps2endl;// empty delete pi1; delete pi2; delete ps1; delete ps2; return 0; } 说明:（）表示为动态对象初始化 3耗尽内存 后面6.13抛出异常 4.撤销动态创建的对象 如果分配空间不是new分配的，该指针使用delete是错误的 #include iostream #include string #include new using namespace std; int main() { int i; int *p=i; int *pi=new int(1024); string *ps=new string(10,9); coutiendl; cout*piendl; cout*psendl; delete p; //error delete pi; delete ps; return 0; } 5零值指针的删除 如果指针为0，删除时合法的。 int *ip=0 delete ip; #include iostream #include string #include new using namespace std; int main() { int *p=0; coutpendl; delete p; return 0; } 6.在delete之后，重设p的值 p被delete后，位置为0；不指向任何对象 #include iostream #include new using namespace std; int main() { int *p=new int(); coutpendl; delete p; coutpendl; return 0; } 7.const对象的动态分配和回收 const int *pc=new const int(1024); 8.删除const对象 delete pc; //下面程序有问题 #include iostream #include new using namespace std; int main() { const int *p= new const int(1024); coutpendl; delete p; return 0; } 18.1优化内存分配（P632） 18.1.1 C++中的内存分配