Exercises ndash; Chapter 14.docVIP

Exercises – Chapter 14 ?1.?How long should an antenna be to receive or transmit red light well? E.1 About 160 nm. ?2.?How long should an antenna be to receive or transmit violet light well? E.2 An antenna for violet light should be about 100 nanometers long. E.2 Violet light has a wavelength near 400 nanometers, so a one-quarter-wavelength antenna would be about 100 nanometers long. ?3.?When astronauts aboard the space shuttle look down at the earth, its atmosphere appears blue. Why? E.3 Rayleigh scattering deflects blue light in all directions. ?4.?When astronauts walked on the surface of the moon, they could see the stars even though the sun was overhead. Why can’t we see the stars while the sun is overhead? E.4 The Rayleigh scattered light from the sun is so bright that it overwhelms the dim light from stars. ?5.?If you shine a flashlight horizontally at a glass full of water, the glass will redirect the light beam. How? E.5 The light refracts as it enters and leaves the glass. ?6.?A laser light show uses extremely intense beams of light. When one of these beams remains steady, you can see the path it takes through the air. What makes it possible for you to see this beam even though it isn’t directed toward you? E.6 The laser beams experience Rayleigh scattering in the air and you can see this scattered light. ?7.?To make the beams at a laser light show (see Exercise 6) even more visible, they’re often directed into mist or smoke. Why do such particles make the beams particularly visible? E.7 The large particles scatter light better than air molecules. ?8.?Why can you see your reflection in a calm pool of water? E.8 As light enters the water, it slows down and part of it reflects. ?9.?Use the concepts of refraction, reflection, and dispersion to explain why a diamond emits a spray of colored lights when sunlight passes through its cut facets. E.9 Light bends and disperses on entry, reflects from the back surface, and bends and disperses more on exit from the diam