Section III Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport in Blood.ppt

* * Section III Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport in Blood Two forms of the gases: physical dissolution and chemical combination. Most of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood is transported in chemical combination Only the gas in physical dissolution express PP and diffuse to a place with low PP. Dynamic balance between the two forms: Physical dissolution Chemical combination PP PP Basic Mechanism of the Gases Transportation I. Transport of Oxygen Oxygen Transport Method Percentage Dissolved in Plasma 1.5 % Combined with Hemoglobin 98.5 % Hemoglobin Structure Protein made up of 4 subunits Every subunit contains a heme moiety attached to a polypeptide chain. Oxyhemoglobin Formation An oxygen molecule reversibly attaches to the heme portion of hemoglobin. The heme unit contains iron ( +2 ) which provides the attractive force. O2 + Hb HbO2 In normal adults, most of the hemoglobin contains 2α and 2 β chains. Each of the 4 iron atoms can bind reversibly on O2 molecule. The iron stays in the ferrous state, so that the reaction is an oxygenation, not an oxidation. When saturated with O2 (4 O2 in one hemoglobin molecule), it is always written Hb4O8. The reaction is rapid, requiring less than 0.01 second. The deoxygenation (reduction) of Hb4O8 is also very rapid. Oxygen Capacity (氧容量）: The maximum quantity of oxygen that will combine chemically with the hemoglobin in a unit volume of blood; normally it amounts to 1.34 ml of O2 per gm of Hb or 20 ml of O2 per 100 ml of blood. Oxygen Content（氧含量）: how much oxygen is in the blood Oxygen Saturation （血氧饱和度）: A measure of how much oxygen the blood is carrying as a percentage of the maximum it could carry Basic Concepts: The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve: （氧离曲线） the curve relating percentage saturation of the O2-carry power of hemoglobin to the PO2. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve A. Flattened upper portion B. Steep middle portion C.