Session 8-9 Data Resource Management.ppt

Session 8-9 Data Resource Management PART Ⅱ Introduction to the Foundation of Information Technologies Content Database Concepts Technology Experiment: ACCESS Database Trends Data Trends of Application Data Warehouse OLAP DATA Mining Creating Database Environment DATA Streams of raw facts representing events such as business transactions, simple observations of the state of the world FILE ORGANIZATION A computer system organizes data in a hierarchy that begins with bits, and proceeds to bytes, fields, records, files, and database. FILE ORGANIZATION BIT: Binary Digit (0,1;Y,N;On, Off) BYTE: Combination of BITS which represent a CHARACTER FIELD: A logical grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number. RECORD: Collection of FIELDS which reflect a TRANSACTION FILE: A Collection of Similar RECORDS DATABASE: An Organization’s Electronic Library of FILES FILE ORGANIZATION For Example, Filed: Student’s name; Record: FILE ORGANIZATION : Another way of thinking about database components—— ENTITY: Person, Place, Thing, Event about Which Data Must be Kept ( a record describes an entity ) ATTRIBUTE: Description of a Particular ENTITY （corresponds to fields) KEY FIELD: Field Used to Retrieve, Update, Sort RECORD * FILE ORGANIZATION KEY FIELD Field in Each Record Uniquely Identifies THIS Record For RETRIEVAL UPDATING SORTING * Accessing Records from Computer Files:Sequential vs. Direct or random file organization SEQUENTIAL: Data records must be retrieved in the same physical sequence in which they are stored. (Magnetic tape ) DIRECT: Data can be accessed without regard to physical sequence. (Disk) * Traditional File Processing File Organization Traditional File Processing File Organization Problems Arising from the File Organization Data Redundancy: The same piece of information could be duplicated in several files. Data Inconsistency: Data Isolation: Data files are likely to be organized differently, stored in different