行星怎样绕轨道运行英文版.pptVIP

Do our planets move? WHAT DO YOU THINK? What makes a theory scientific? What is the shape of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun? Do the planets orbit the Sun at constant speeds? Do all the planets orbit the Sun at the same speed? How much force does it take to keep an object moving in a straight line at a constant speed? How does an object’s mass differ when measured on the Earth and on the Moon? You will discover… what makes a theory scientific clues suggesting that Earth is not the center of the universe the scientific revolution that dethroned Earth from its location at the center of the universe Copernicus’s argument that the planets orbit the Sun why the direction of motion of the planets on the celestial sphere sometimes appears to change that Kepler’s determination of the shapes of planetary orbits depended on the careful observations of his mentor, Tycho Brahe how Isaac Newton formulated an equation to describe the force of gravity how Isaac Newton explained why the planets and moons remain in orbit The scientific method is used to develop new scientific theories. Scientific theories are accepted when they make testable predictions that can be verified using new observations and experiments. Early models of the universe attempted to explain the motion of the five visible planets against the background of “fixed” stars. The main problem was that the planets do not move uniformly against the background of stars, but instead appear to stop, move backward, then move forward again. This backward motion is referred to as retrograde motion. Ptolemy explained this motion using a geocentric (Earth-centered) model of the solar system in which the planets orbited the Earth indirectly, by moving on epicycles which in turn orbited the Earth. Nicolaus Copernicus developed the first heliocentric (sun-centered) model of the solar system. In this model, the retrograde motion of Mars is seen when the Earth passes Mars in its orbit around the Sun. We define special pos