聚乙烯塑料的生物降解研究.pdfVIP

第28卷第5期 环 境 科 学 Vol.28,No.5 2007 年5 月 ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE May,2007 1 2* 1 杨军 ,宋怡玲 ,秦小燕 ( 11 北京航空航天大学环境工程系,北京 100083; 21 北京航空航天大学生物工程系,北京 100083) :塑料废弃物是目前最严 的固体废物污染问题, 它正以每年4000万t 的速度在环境中积累,而塑料在自然界几乎完全不 能被生物降解和参加物质循环,所以从不同方式提高其生物降解效率一直是 要的研究方向.本文从聚乙烯塑料的改性及降 解预处理、生物降解途径、主要降解微生物及其酶,以及聚乙烯降解后的物理、化学与生物学性质的变化等方面总结了近年来 聚乙烯生物降解的研究进展.提出了开拓聚乙烯降解的生物研究种类,分离并克隆能产生活性基团的关键酶及其基因, 以及 加强无添加剂的聚乙烯降解研究等方面的研究方向. :聚乙烯;塑料;生物降解 :X610 :A :025023301(2007)052 1165204 Biodegr adation of Polyethylene 1 2 1 YANG Jun , SONGYi2ling , QIN Xiao2yan (11 Department of Environmental Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; 21Department of Bioengineering, Beihang University, Beijing100083, China) Abstr act :Plastic material is one of the most serious solidwastes pollution. More than 40 million tons of plastics produced each year are discardedinto environment. Plastics accumulated in the environment is highly resistant to biodegradation and not be able to take part in substancerecycle. Toincreasethebiodegradation efficiency of plasticsby different means isthemainresearch direction. Thisarticlereviewed the recent research works of polyethylene biodegradation that included the modification and pretreatment of polyethylene, biodegradation pathway, the relevant microbesand enzymes andthe changes of physical, chemical and biological properties after biodegradation. The study directionsof exploitingthe kindsof life2 formsofbiodegradationpolyethylene except the microorganisms, isolating andcloningthe key enzymes andgene that couldproduce active groups, and enhancingthe study onpolyethylene biodegradationwithout additive wereproposed. Key wor ds:polyethylene;plastic;biodegradation 聚乙烯塑料由于其经济方便和稳定性好, 被广 过大、疏水性强, 以及塑料的表面能过低.所以为了 泛用于国民经济和人类生