《语言学教程》测试题答案.docVIP

第一章：语言学导论I. 1~5 B A C C C? ? ? 6~10 B A C A C II.11~15 F F T F F? ? 16~20 F F F F FIII. 21. verbal? ? 22. productivity / creativity 23. metalingual function? ? 24. yo-he-ho25. scientific? ?26. descriptive 27. speech? ? ? ? ? 28. diachronic linguistic29. langue? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 30. competenceIV. 31.?Design feature: It refers to the defining properties of human language that tell the difference between human language and any system of animal communication.32.?Displacement: It means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts, which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.33.?Competence: It is an essential part of performance. It is the speaker’s knowledge of his or her language; that is, of its sound structure, its words, and its grammatical rules. Competence is, in a way, an encyclopedia of language. Moreover, the knowledge involved in competence is generally unconscious. A transformational-generative grammar is a model of competence. 34.?Synchronic linguistics: It refers to the study of a language at a given point in time. The time studied may be either the present or a particular point in the past; synchronic analyses can also be made of dead languages, such as Latin. Synchronic linguistics is contrasted with diachronic linguistics, the study of a language over a period of time. V. 35.?Duality makes our language productive. A large number of different units can be formed out of a small number of elements – for instance, tens of thousands of words out of a small set of sounds, around 48 in the case of the English language. And out of the huge number of words, there can be astronomical number of possible sentences and phrases, which in turn can combine to form unlimited number of texts. Most animal communication systems do not have this design feature of human language. If language has no such design feature, then it will be like animal co