Lesson.7【荐】.pptVIP

Soil Science Lesson 7 Soil Aeration Soil Aeration (土壤通氣) Respiratory quotient (RQ) RQ = Aerobic respiration RQ=1 Anaerobic respiration RQ→∞ Respiration rate vol. of O2 consumed / soil vol. / time 氣體交換之mechanisms Dissolved O2 carried by percolating water Diffusion of gas molecules through soil pore space Soil Aeration (土壤通氣) (續) Soil Aeration (土壤通氣)(續) 土壤通氣不良對於植物根和微生物活性之影響 對植物根活性之影響： 不耐浸水之植物在通氣不良時，glycolysis速率增快，並造成endogenous ethylene (C2H4)之聚積，細胞膜破漏(Leak)，離子和水分之獲取功能受阻。 土壤通氣不良對於植物根和微生物活性之影響 (續) 對微生物活性之影響： Aerobic organisms Heterotrophs (異營性)：由有機物獲取碳和能量 Autotrophs (自營性)：以CO2為碳源 e.g. Nitrifying bacteria 硝化作用(Nitrification) NH4+ + O2→ NO2- + 2H+ + H2O + 能量 NO2- + O2→ NO3- + 能量 Anaerobic organisms 不以O2為electron acceptor，而以 Organic compound為final electron acceptor，而此organic compound被還原→此過程稱為Fermentation 以inorganic compound如NO3-，Fe(OH)3，MnO2和SO42-為electron acceptor而被還原 土壤通氣之指標 測定ODR (oxygen diffusion rate through the soil) 偵測fermentation和putrefaction product (味道或定量分析) 注意相關之化學反應，例如：bluish-grey color還原Fe compound之產生 土壤通氣之指標 (續) Redox potential Eh Pt (inert)│Test soln│ (Pt electrode)(salt bridge)(SCE) O2(gas) + 4H+(soln.) +4e- → 2H2O(liquid) Ox + mH+ +ne- Red 浸水土壤系列性之還原反應 Fig. Products of the fermentation of carbohydrates Threshold redox potentials at which the oxidized species shown become unstable