四级核心词汇详解.ppt

* * abide vi .遵守，坚持 She will abide by her promise.(她将遵守诺言。) He abides by his opinion.(他固执己见。) 要点 abide ( vi .)作“遵守，坚持”解时，后接by。 如:abide by an agreement(遵守一项协议); abide by a contract(倍守合同); abide by school discipline遵守校纪); abide by the law absence n缺席，不在;不存在 He made up a story to explain his absence.(他编造谎言为他的缺席开脱。) In the absence of the Manager, John is in charge of the business.(在经理 离开期间，由约翰管理业务。) 要点 1.absence~absent(a.缺席的)。 be absent from school作“缺课”解 如:Why were you absent from school yesterday?(你昨天为何没到学校?) 2. absence的反义词是presence, absent的反义词是present. 3. In the absence of…意为“当……不在时;缺乏……时”。 如:Speak no ill of one in ones absence.(别在人家背后说坏话。) In the absence of exact data, these discussions are futile. [fjutl] (useless or unsuccessful) (在缺乏精确资料的情况下，这些讨论是徒劳的。) absorb vt.吸收;吸引……的注意，使全神贯注 Water is absorbed into the soil.(水被吸人土壤中。) Immigrants are absorbed into the main stream of society. (外来移民被社会的 主流同化了。) He has become absorbed in technical innovations. (他已专心致志地从事科技革新。) 要点 1. absorb常用介词from或into与其搭配。 如:Plants absorb energy from the sun.(植物吸收太阳的能量。) Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses. （大多数小商店已被并人大公司。) 2. absorb从严格的角度来说是指“吸收液体、光线、声音”，从引申的角度可指行 为的彻底。 如:absorb new ideas汲取新思想)。 3. be absorbed in作“全神贯注于”解，与be engrossed [ingr??st] in 同义。如 He is absorbed(=engrossed) in study(他专心学习) accelerate[?ksel?reit]? to make sth happen more quickly vt.使加快，使增速;促进，促使……早日发生 They use special chemical substances to accelerate the growth of crops. (他们使用特殊的化学物质来促使农作物的生长。) The director‘s mismanagement has accelerated the company’s failure。 (董事的管理不当促使了公司的破产。) 要点 1. accelerate强调运动速度或进展的加快，但并不一定非指速度不可。 如:accelerate ( = speed