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呼吸(英文班与7年制最后稿).ppt

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Outline Section I: Pulmonary Ventilation Section II: Gas Exchange in Lungs and Tissues *Section III: Transport of O2 and CO2 in Blood. Section IV: Regulation of Respiration Important Structures Associated with Pulmonary Ventilation Airways The pathway for air flow: nose-alveoli To protect the body: Protection Against microorganisms by preventing entry and removing them To warm and humidify the inspired air Alveoli Number: 300millions Diameter: 0.25mm Total area: 70m2 Two groups of cells I:small alveolar cells II:large alvoelar cells (DPPC). Rrespiratory Membrane (RM) The membraneous structure that gas molecules must cross when gas exchange occurs between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries. (also named alveolar membrane, alveolar-capillary membrane). Composition of RM 1. Fluid and surfactant; 2. Epithelial cells of alveoli 3. Basement membrane of alveoli 4. cleft 5. Basement membrane of capillary 6. Endothelial cells of capillary Thickened RM: pulmonary edema, fibrosis Decreased area of RM: fibrosis, emphysema Surface Tension and Surface Active Substance (Surfactant) What is Surfactant? surface-tension-decreasing substances Examples: Secretion Cells:type II alveolar cells Chemical: DPPC Importances: 1. Enhance the compliance of the lungs 2. Prevent pulmonary edema 3. Stabilize the alveoli Thorax, Pleural Cavity and Intrapleural Pressure Pleural cavity: the airtight and potential cavity formed by the visceral and parietal pleura. It is filled with pleural fluid Intrapleural Pressure Definition: the pressure in the pleural cavity. Normal value: 750mmHg The end of inspiration;-5 — -10mmHg The end of expiration:-3 — -5mmHg The lowest and highest value: -90mmHg---- +110mmHg *Calculation: intrapleural pressure = pressure of air in alveoli-contracting force Sources of contracting force: elastic force surface tension Importances of Negative Intrapleural Pressure To hold the lungs and thorax together To promote the pulmonary and lymphatic circulation.

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