Chapter12ForcesandMotion-SchoolWorldanEdline…：12章力和运动schoolworld一艾里尼….pptVIP

Chapter 12: Forces and Motion Section 4: Universal Forces 13 November 2012 Electromagnetic Forces Electromagnetic force [electricity and magnets] is associated with charged particles. Electric force and magnetic force are the only forces that can attract and repel. Electromagnetic Forces Electric Magnetic Nuclear Forces Strong Nuclear Force Attracts neutrons to protons Short range Weak Nuclear Force Even shorter range than the strong nuclear force Gravity The law of universal gravitation states that all objects in the universe attract each other through gravitational force. Gravitational force increases as mass (m) increases. Gravitational force decreases as distance (d) increases. Weight Weight is the gravitational force an object experiences because of its mass Since weight is a force, the SI unit of weight is the Newton. Ex: a 1kg book weighs about 9.8N Weight Free-fall acceleration changes depending on where you are. As a result, your weight changes depending on location. Orbiting Astronauts float in orbiting spaceships not because they are weightless but because they are in free-fall. An object is said to be orbiting when it is traveling in a circular or nearly circular path around another object. This is caused by centripetal force, a center-directed force that changes the direction of an object. Orbiting Two motions are responsible for orbiting. Let’s think about a shuttle orbiting earth. The shuttle moves forward at a constant speed The shuttle is also in free-fall towards the earth When the forward velocity combines with free-fall, the shuttle follows the curve of Earth’s surface. This is orbiting. Satellites Satellites can be used for a number of things: Astronomy satellites Atmospheric Studies satellites Communications satellites Navigation satellites Reconnaissance satellites Search and Rescue satellites Space Exploration satellites Weather satellites * 1.8 m/s2 Moon 11.8 m/s2 Neptune 9.8 m/s2 Earth 8.8 m/s2 Venus 3.7 m/s2 Mars G v