ExerciseatAltitude(wheretheairisrare)：运动在海拔（那里的空气是罕见的）.ppt

Exercise at Altitude Who performs better at a bike race in San Francisco… the athlete who trains at altitude, or the athlete who trains sea level? Why? How high is high? Moderate = 12,000 ft High = 12,000 to 18,000 ft Very High = 20,000 ft Stress of Altitude The 4 “H”s Hypoxia Hypothermia Hypoglycemia Hypohydration Additionally Suppressed Immune System Suppressed Emotional State Stress of Altitude (Hypoxia) O2 % at sea level = 21% O2 % at 22,000 ft = 21% So why do we not assimilate as much O2 at altitude as at sea level? Decreased PO2 results in Hypoxia. What is PO2? How does O2 diffuse into blood and tissues? How does PO2 effect this? Acclimatization (adaptation to the new natural environment) IMMEDIATE Respiratory Hyperventilation Body Fluids become more base as a result of reduction in CO2 w/hyperventilation Cardiac Increased heart rate at rest and at submax work = increased cardiac output Stroke Volume remains the same or decreases Max VO-2 remains the same Acclimatization LONGER TERM (day to weeks) Respiratory Hyperventilation Excretion of base via kidneys and concomitant reduction in alkaline reserve Cardiac Increased Sub-max Heart Rate Sub-max cardiac output falls Stroke volume decreases (Startlings Law) Max VO-2 Decreases (decreased max HR and stroke volume) Acclimatization Hematological Decreased plasma volume Increased hematocrit (?) Increased hemoglobin Increased # of RBCs Possible increase in capillary beds (?) Increased 2,3 DPG Increased mitochondrial density Increased aerobic enzymes in muscle Acclimatization Catecholamine Response Nor-epinephrine Regulates HR, BP, SV, Vasc Resistance and substrate use. Increases for 7 days and then stabilizes. Epinephrine shows little to no increase Acclimatization (Acid Base Balance) Hyperventilation leads to a decrease in carbon-dioxide thus increasing pH of all body fluids. This blunts respiratory control. Body begins to excrete base through renal tubules to normalize pH This