Writing a Research Paper---Lecture 2英语论文写作指导2.pptVIP

Writing A Research Paper ---Lecture 2 Zhang Yanyan （张妍岩） Feb. 2009 csuewriting@126.com 2. How to Choose a Topic (1) Decide on your research direction (2) Selecting a General Topic (3) Reading and Thinking (4) Narrowing down the Scope of Topic (5) Formulating the Final Topic 2.1 Decide which research direction you would like to follow: Literature （文学） Translation（翻译） Linguistics （语言学）－Culture（文化） Other related disciplines: sociology; psychology; Chinese; etc. Literature（文学） Literature is prose, written or oral, including fiction and non-fiction, drama and poetry. List of authors : List of works: By name General lists By type of writing or genre Selective lists List of best-selling fiction authors List of best-selling books By nationality, race, origin or gender Subject lists By language (non-English) Author lists Research in literature can be a study of a particular author, a work, or a literary trend. It can also include comparative research of different writers, books, or literary criticisms. List of best-selling fiction authors List of best-selling books Translation（翻译） Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text that communicates the same message in another language. source text target language target text Translation must take into account constraints that include context, the rules of grammar of the two languages, their writing conventions, and their idioms. Translation Research Research in translation can be an evaluation of the translation of a particular work or an author. It can also include research on a particular translator and his/her translations. It may also include research on translation techniques and theories. Linguistics （语言学） Linguistics