动词-ing形式词和短语的巧辩.doc

动词-ing形式词和短语的巧辩 -ing形式的词分为现在分词和动名词，它们的构成一样，新教材统一叫它们-ing形式，但它们的用法和意义有很大的区别。要想弄清它们的区别，需要我们巧辨。 一．用法和意义的不同全 品 高 考 网 现在分词具有进行时态的意义，而动名词则表示特征和抽象的概念。 1.being The large house being built in the street is a new hospital.(此处的being是现在分词，表现在进行时。being built=which is being built充当后置定语，修饰house) He left his home without being permitted.(此处的being是动名词，它具有动词的特征，有自己的被动语态being permitted) 2.singing I heard the boy student singing in the classroom.（singing此处是现在分词，表进行时，“正在唱歌”） The boy student was given a gold medal for having sung a good song. (having sung 此处是动名词sing的完成形式，具有动词的特征，带有自己宾语“a good song”,且具有自己的完成时态形式) 3.playing A boy was seen playing on the tracks at the railway station.(playing此处是现在分词，表进行时“正在（火车站的铁轨上）玩”) He liked playing basketball on the playground when he was at college.(playing此处是动名词，充当动词like的宾语。表示抽象性的、习惯性的动作即“当他上大学时，他喜欢打篮球”这一习惯) 二．词类转换的区别 无论是现在分词还是动名词都可以转换成其它词类，但它们转换的词类并不相同，且在句子中的语法功能也不一样。一般说来，现在分词往往转换成形容词，在句中充当表语、宾语补足语，主语补足语和定语，而动名词则转换成名词，在句中充当定语、表语、主语和宾语。 1.The football match we watched yesterday was very interesting.(interesting此处是现在分词，转换成形容词，在句中充当表语) There is a swimming pool in our school.(swimming此处是动名词转换成形容词，表用途，作定语，修饰pool) 2.We can see steam rising from the wet clothes soon.(rising此处是现在分词，相当于形容词，充当宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行) Being exposed to the sunlight too long will do harm to your skin.(Being exposed to the sunlight此处是动名词短语相当于名词短语，在句中充当主语，being不能省去) 3.Steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes.(rising from the wet clothes此处是现在分词短语转化成形容词短语充当主语补足语，表示动作正在进行) I remember being taken to Shanghai when I was a child.(being taken to Shanghai此处是动名词短语转化成名词短语在在句中充当宾语) 全 品 高 考 网 4.The girl standing there is a classmate of mine. (standing there 此处是现在分词短语转化成形容词短语，充当后置定语，表示动作正在进行。) The best sport in summer is swimming.(swimming此处则是动名词，而不是现在分词，此句也不是现在进行时。swimming相当于名词，在句中充当表语) 三．作定语时的区别 虽然现在分词（短语）和动名词（短语）均可以作定语，但是它们的用法有很大的区别。现在分词作定语时，它和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，可以扩展为定语从句，且表示动作正在进行，而动名词作定语时，它和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系，只能表示用途，不能扩展为定语从句。 There was a sleeping boy in the classroom but nobob