Wireless Communication Overview of basic concepts.ppt

08/06/00 Jan3, 2002 CS 625, IITK CSE Introduction to wireless communication Wireless Communication: Overview of basic concepts Wired Vs. Wireless Communication Why go wireless ? Advantages Sometimes it is impractical to lay cables User mobility Cost EM Spectrum Unlicensed Radio Spectrum Understanding wireless communication Radio Propagation Propagation in the “Real World” Propagation The Cluttered World of Radio Waves Evaluating Frequencies 50 MHz- Good for range outdoors (antenna size, bending and penetrating), no foliage problems. “Sees” metallic building structures, doesn’t pass through windows or down corridors, needs large antenna (2 meter). TV? 450 MHz to 2 GHz - Good compromise for cellular-type systems. Antenna small, but big enough for outdoor range. Minor foliage effects. OK for windows walls and corridors. (450 might be best, but ...) (Range issue for 2 GHz systems- more bases) 5-20 GHz- Antenna too small for range. Foliage and rain effects. Indoor microcells? Point-to-point? Satellites to ground stations? Path loss in dB dBm ( absolute measure of power) * Wireless Wired Each cable is a different channel One media (cable) shared by all Signal attenuation is low High signal attenuation No interference High interference noise; co-channel interference; adjacent channel interference Limitations Bandwidth Fidelity Power (In)security ? Propagation characteristics are different in each frequency band UV 1 MHz 1 kHz 1 GHz 1 THz 1 PHz 1 EHz infrared visible X rays Gamma rays LF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF MF AM radio S/W radio FM radio TV TV cellular ? 902 – 928 Mhz 2.4 – 2.4835 Ghz 5.725 – 5.785 Ghz ISM band ? 30kHz 300kHz 3MHz 30MHz 300MHz 30GHz 300GHz 10km 1km 100m 10m 1m 10cm 1cm 100mm 3GHz 902 Mhz 928 Mhz 26 Mhz 83.5 Mhz 125 Mhz 2.4 Ghz 2.4835 Ghz 5.725 Ghz 5.850 Ghz cordless phones baby monitors WaveLan 802.11b Bluetooth Microwave oven 802.11a ? 33cm 12cm 5cm How does signal propagate ? How much attenuation take place ? How does