数据库—第一章【荐】.pdfVIP

Chapter 1 Introduction Contents The history of Database System Overview of a database Management System DBMS Three aspects of database-system studies Introduction to Database Systems What is a Database System Database data , metadata Hardware disks Software DBMS People users, database designers and database administrators DBA The history of Database Systems Early database management systems evolved from file system Network DBMS, Hierarchical DBMS Relational database Systems in 1970, Ted Codd proposed tables called relations as a view of data in database Object-oriented database Web database and XML Drawbacks of using file systems to store data Data redundancy and inconsistency Multiple file formats, duplication of information in different files Database Difficulty in accessing data systems provide Need to write a new program to carry out each new task solutions to Data isolation — multiple files and formats all these problems Integrity problems Integrity constraints e.g. account balance 0 become part of program code, Hard to add new constraints or change existing ones Concurrent access by multiple users Security problem … More detailed History More detailed History th From Database Concepts 6th edition From Database Concepts 6 edition 1950s and early 1960s : Data processing using magnetic tapes for storage ? Tapes provided only sequential access Punched cards for input Late 1960s and 1970s: Hard disks allowed direct access to data Network and hierarchical data models in widespread use Ted Codd defines the relational data model ? he won the ACM Turing Award for this work ? IBM Research begins System R prototype ? UC Berkeley begins Ingres prototype High-performance for the era transaction processing More detailed History cont. More detailed History cont. 1980s: Research relational prototypes evolve into commercial systems ? SQL becomes industrial standard Parallel and distributed database systems Object-oriented database systems 1990s: Large d