16-bit MS-DOS and BIOS Programming.ppt

16-bit MS-DOS and BIOS Programming Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Overview Chapter 13: 16-bit MS-DOS Programming MS-DOS and the IBM-PC MS-DOS Function Calls (INT 21h) Standard MS-DOS File I/O Services Chapter 15: BIOS-Level Programming Keyboard Input with INT 16h VIDEO and Graphics Mouse Programming How Does a PC Boot? /ref/mbsys/bios/boot.htm Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers, 5th Edition Chapter 13: 16-Bit MS-DOS Programming Real-Address Mode Real-address mode (16-bit mode) programs have the following characteristics: Max 1 megabyte addressable RAM Single tasking No memory boundary protection Offsets are 16 bits IBM PC-DOS: first real-address OS for IBM-PC Has roots in Gary Kildalls highly successful Digital Research CP/M Later renamed to MS-DOS, owned by Microsoft MS-DOS Memory Map MS-DOS Memory Organization Lowest 640K bytes: used by OS and applications Interrupt Vector Table (1K bytes, 00000 – 003FF) BIOS and DOS data Software BIOS MS-DOS kernel Resident command processor (命令提示字元) Transient programs Video graphics and text Reserved (device controllers) ROM BIOS (F0000 to FFFFF) Interrupt If you call your friend and his/her mom says he/she is not home, what do you do? Do something else, and get interrupted when he/she is back and returns your call. When you are interrupted by a phone ring, you must somehow know who is interrupting you and what he/she wants. Based on the type of interrupts, you then do the required operations. After serving the interrupt, you return to the operations before interrupt. Interrupt You may be interrupted by external events, e.g. phone ring, or internal events, e.g. fetch a soda while studying. Analog in processor: Interrupts may be triggered by hardware, e.g. I/O devices, which is outside of your program. Interrupts may also be trigger by software, e.g. program faults or system service calls, which is generated by your program itself. Software interrupt: A call to an OS procedure (interrupt