Textural classification of igneous rocks.ppt

Textural classification of igneous rocks Phaneritic: crystals visible with naked eye Plutonic or intrusive rocks Aphanitic: crystal too small for naked eye Volcanic or extrusive rocks Porphyritic: two different, dominant grain sizes Large xtals = phenocrysts; small xtals = groundmass Fragmental: composed of disagregated igneous material Pyroclastic rocks Textural classification of igneous rocks Pegmatitic: very large xtals (cm to 10s of cm); i.e., slowly cooled Forms veins or layers within plutonic body Glassy: non-crystalline; cools very fast (e.g., obsidian) Volcanic rocks Vesicular: vesicles (holes, pores, cavities) form as gases expand Volcanic rocks Compositional terms for igneous rocks Felsic: feldspar + silica ~55-70% silica, K-feldspar 1/3 of feldspars present light-colored silicate minerals — Continental crust Intermediate: between felsic and mafic ~55-65% silica, plag 2/3 of feldspars present Na-rich plag predominates over Ca-rich plag Mafic: magnesium + ferric iron ~45-50% silica; Ca-rich plag dominant feldspar dark silicate minerals — Oceanic crust Ultramafic: 90% mafic minerals, silica 45%, few or no feldspars Mantle-derived Classification of common igneous rocks Classification of Igneous Rocks Classification of Phaneritic Igneous Rocks Classification of Igneous Rocks Classification of AphaniticIgneous Rocks Classification of Igneous Rocks Classification of Igneous Rocks Igneous Textures Figure 3-5. a. Compositionally zoned hornblende phenocryst with pronounced color variation visible in plane-polarized light. Field width 1 mm. b. Zoned plagioclase twinned on the carlsbad law. Andesite, Crater Lake, OR. Field width 0.3 mm. ? John Winter and Prentice Hall. Figure 3-6. Examples of plagioclase zoning profiles determined by microprobe point traverses. a. Repeated sharp reversals attributed to magma mixing, followed by normal cooling increments. b. Smaller and irregular oscillations caused by