学习与记忆机制研究进展.pdfVIP

28 2 Vol. 28 N o. 2 2008 4 International Journal ofPathology and C linicalM edicine Apr. 2008 周星娟 综述 凌树才 审校 (浙江大学人体解剖与组织胚胎学, 杭州 3 0058) [ ] 学习与记忆是动物最具特色的高级神经活动之一, 长 程增强( LTP)被认为是与学习记忆有关的神 经元可塑性的理想模型, 其分子机制涉及一个信 号转导级联反应 谷氨酸释放N甲基D天( 门) 冬氨酸 ( N 2+ 2+ 2+ M ethylDaspartic acid, NMDA )谷氨酸受体激活Ca 通道和 Ca /钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶 ( Ca / calm odulinde pendent protein k inases, CaM 激酶) 和丝裂原蛋白激酶 (m itogenactivated protein kinase, MAPK) 激活最后, CaM 激酶使 氨基羟甲基恶唑丙酸 (am ino3hydroxy5m ethyl4isoxazole propion ic acid, AM PA) 谷氨酸受体磷 2+ 酸化而激活, 引起突触后神经元 Ca 内流增加C aM 激酶和 MAPK 通过刺激基因表达促使环磷腺苷反应元件 结合蛋白 ( cyclicAM P response elem ent binding protein, CREB)磷酸化水平升高, cfos表达增加 [ ] 长 程增强; 学习记忆; 受体; 蛋白激酶; 基因表达 [ ] R338 [ ] A [ ] 6732588( 2008) 020 3804 Progression of m echan ism in learn ing and m em ory ZHOU X ingjuan, LING Shucai (D ep artm ent of H uman A na tomy and H istology and Em bryology, M ed ical Colleg e, Zhej iang Un iv ersity, H ang hou 3 0058, Ch ina) [ Abs tract] Learning andm emory is one of the most significant characteristic of nerve activities, w hich is awl ays being paidmuch attention. Longterm potentiation ( LTP) w as thought to be a model for neuronal plasticity such as learn ing and memory, its molecu larmechanism was found to involve a signal transduction cascade that includes release of glutamate, activation of the NMDA glutam ate receptors, 2+ 2+ Ca entry, and activat