宏观,微观斯塔克效应.pptVIP

宏观、微观斯塔克效应 产生子线分裂的电场来源于外部的稳恒电流场可称宏观， 稳恒可理解为观测积分时间内电场不发生改变； 微观即导致子线分裂的电场来源于辐射原子附近的带电粒子， 碰撞辐射原子的带电粒子分离子和电子，他们对辐射原子的 库仑场是随机变化，需要用统计理论解释，但产生的效果是 谱线加宽。 微观宏观的区分：是否用统计理论处理；所测电场的最小空间尺度内电场是否是均匀和稳恒。 线性、非线性斯塔克 线性和非线性效应都同时存在，但弱场强时线性显著，强场 时非线性（二次）对分裂起住到作用。 y=ax+b(x^2),对Halpha,ax和b(x^2)的交点在10^(5)V/cm 估算太阳上可能的分裂线距量级（5mA~0.5A） 图 There are actually two types of stark effect: the linear stark effect and the quadratic version of the stark effect. As expected, the linear stark effect is linearly dependant on the applied electric field while the quadratic stark effect is smaller in the value of splitting and varies as the square of the applied electric field. 纵向横向电场 图 实测中的线偏振和圆偏振 横向场观测只看到线偏振（吸收？发射？），偏振方向平行于横向电场； 纵向场观测看到“非偏振”的圆偏振强度？ sigma线的位置在pi线内侧。 他们的相对强度计算？ 可以观测的对象 考虑磁场的存在，将电场分解为平行磁场和垂直于磁场去寻找可观测量。 1）验证电流片的存在（电流闭合假设）； 2）非完全冻结下，流场拖拽引起的霍尔电压（正负粒子分离），发向垂直于磁场； 3）暗条系统的电场 观测仪器和观测方式 谱线观测（不行？）\两维滤光器\快速扫描式滤光器 History of the Stark Effect When Zeeman discovered the effect of magnetic fields on the wavelengths of emitted spectra from an excited gas, the Zeeman effect, it sparked a search for a similar effect due to electric fields. For fifteen years the search failed to show such an effect and as a matter of fact, Woldemar Voigt of G?ttingen (known for the discovery of the Voigt effect) showed on a theoretical basis, with some assumptions, that no such effect should be expected. Experimental failure to find the effect of electric fields on emitted spectra was actually due to a very simple phenomenon. Excitation of atoms to show spectra was usually performed by passing an electric arc through a gas. The gas would be ionized allowing current to flow via motion of the freed electrons and collisions between electrons and ions or electrons and neutral atoms would excite the ions or atoms and then spectra would be visible as the ions or atoms decayed back down from their excited states. The problem is that applying an external electric field to this highly conductive gas simply rearranges the ch