统计学 chapter-7.pptVIP

?2009 Changling Huang, SCUN CHAPTER 7 RANDOM VARIABLES AND DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS Click the mouse or use the arrow keys to move to the next page. Use the ESC key to exit this chapter. 7.1 Introduction We present random variables and probability distribution, which are essential in the development of statistical inference. Suppose that you flip a coin 100 times and count the number of heads. The objective is determine whether we can infer from the count that the coin is not balanced. ...Without knowing the probability of the frequency of the number of heads from a balanced coin, we cannot draw any conclusions from the sample... 7.2 Random Variables and Probability Distributions For example, consider an experiment where we flip two coins and observe the results. ... Thus, the events are now 2 heads 1 head 1 head 0 head The number of heads is called the random variable. We often label the random variable X, and we’re interested in the probability of each value of X. Thus, in this illustration the values of X are 0, 1, and 2. Here is another example. In many parlor games as well as in the game of craps played in casinos, the player tosses two dice. ... Random Variable is a function or rule that assigns a number to each outcome of an experiment. ...In some experiments the outcomes are numbers. ...Put simply, the value of a random variable is a numerical event. A discrete random variable is one that can take on a countable number of values. A continuous random variable is one whose values are uncountable. An excellent example of continuous random variable is the of time to complete a task. A probability distribution is a table, formula, or graph that describes the values of a random variable and the probability associated with these values. Thus, we represent the probability that the random variable X will equal x as Or, more simply, 7.2.1 Discrete Probability Distribution Requirements for a Distribution of a Discrete Random Variable 1.