耶鲁大学开放课程—哲学：死亡11OpenYalecourse—Philosophy：.docVIP

耶鲁大学开放课程—哲学：死亡11OpenYalecourse—Philosophy：.txt不怕偷儿带工具，就怕偷儿懂科技！ 1品味生活，完善人性。存在就是机会，思考才能提高。人需要不断打碎自己，更应该重新组装自己。上节课 我们讲到了 Last time, we turned to the question of 人格同一性的的形而上学标准 what the metaphysical key to personal identity might be. 到底是什么 What makes it be the case that one person, 使得未来的我 some person that exists in the future, 和现在的我是同一个人 is the same person as me. 我们讨论的第一种理论是 The first approach to this that we considered 人格同一性的灵魂理论 was the soul theory of personal identity: 即成为同一个人的关键是拥有同一个灵魂 the key to being the same person is having the same soul. 灵魂同则人同 Same soul, same person. 灵魂不同则人不同 Different soul, different person. 这一理论的问题在于 And the difficulty with that approach, 即使我们先把灵魂是否存在 even if we bracket the question 这个问题放在一边 whether or not there are souls, 这一理论的问题还在于 the difficulty with that approach was that 灵魂似乎 it seems as though the soul 可以不断变化 could constantly be changing 而我们所说的人格却始终不变 while the personality, as we might call it, stays the same. 我可以有不变的信念 I have the same beliefs, 记忆 欲望 目标 memories, desires, goals, 还有偏好等等 preferences and so forth. 但是我内心的灵魂却 But the soul underneath it all keeps 每隔五分钟就发生变化 being swapped every five minutes. 如果人格同一性的灵魂理论成立 If the soul theory of personal identity were right, 那么后来的那个人就不是我了 that would not be me. 人人影视 www.YYeT 每隔五分钟就会死掉一个旧的我 I would be--every five minutes that person would die 由一个全新的人取而代之 and wed have a new person, 尽管我们有着相同的人格 despite having the same personality. 大多数人难以接受 Most of us find that a rather difficult thing to believe, 人可以通过这种方式不断变化 that the person could be constantly changing in this way, 但却无法识别 without having any way at all to tell. 而倘若我们不愿接受这种结果的话 And if were not willing to accept that implication, 我们似乎就得拒绝接受 it seems as though we need to reject 人格同一性的灵魂理论 The soul theory of personal identity. 我之所以说这么多 Now, I use this cumbersome phrase because, of course, 并非是在否认灵魂的存在 Im not here talking about rejecting the existence of souls. 而是在思考 What Im considering right now is the question 灵魂的一致性 whether sameness of soul 是否就是