长江中下游浅水湖泊水产养殖污染现状和对策_彭自然.pdfVIP

安徽农业科学 , Journal of Anhu i A gri. Sci. 2010 , 38 ( 12) : 6467 - 6468, 662 1 责任编辑 　姜丽 　责任校对 　卢瑶 长江中下游浅水湖泊水产养殖污染现状与对策 彭自然 ,陈立婧 ,王 武 　(上海海洋大学农业部水产种质资源与养殖生态重点开放实验室 ,上海 200090) 摘要　水产养殖与湖泊污染之间存在着辩证关系 ,认识并利用此关系 ,对于渔业和湖泊环境协调发展具有重要意义 。径流污染和内源 释放是造成湖泊污染的主要原因,养殖污染源于残饵、代谢物和水产药物的排放 。以南漪湖、滆湖、阳澄湖、淀山湖等湖泊为例 ,说明过 度的养殖规模 ,落后的养殖技术 ,残饵、代谢物、药物的排放会造成水体污染 ,进而限制水产养殖的发展;合理的养殖规模、布局和结构 , 先进的养殖技术能减轻对湖泊环境的压力。协调水产养殖与环境保护之间的关系 ,发展生态渔业 ,走可持续发展之路是湖泊水产养殖 业发展的必然趋势。 关键词　湖泊养鱼;环境污染;渔业可持续发展 ( ) 中图分类号　X 714　　文献标识码　A　　文章编号　0517 - 6611 2010 12 - 06467 - 02 Pollution A ctua lity and Coun term ea sures of A qu iculture in Sha llow L akes in the M iddle and L ower Reaches of Y angtze R iver A rea ( PENG Z iran et a l　 Key Laboratory of A quatic Genetic R e source s and A quacu lture Eco logy, M in istry of A gricu lture, Shanghai O cean Un i versity, Shanghai 200090 ) A b stract　 There is dialectic relation exist between aqu icu lture and environm ental pollu tion. It is of great sign ificance to recogn ize and u lti m ate the relation. Po lluted runoff and internal contam ination relea sing m ain ly cau se the pollu tion of lakes. The contam ination s from aquacu l ture include re sidual bait, m etabo lite s and aquatic drugs. Tak ing the aqu icu lture pollu tion actualitie s in N anyi Lake, Ge Lake, Yangcheng Lake and D ian shan Lake as examp le s, the re search showed that exorb itance scale aqu icu lture, ou tdated technology and discharge of residual bait, m etabo lite s, fishery drugs can pollu te the water body and h ider developm ent of aqu icu lture indu stry. On the contrary, advanced technolo gy, rational layou t, rea sonab le scale and structure can reduce stre ss on lake s. Coordinating relation between aqu icu lture and environm ental p rotection, develop ing eco logical fishery techn ique,