07RH系统管理——系统管理工具.pptVIP

UNIT 6:系统管理工具 UNIT 6:Objectives Upon completionof this unit you should be able to: Perform task automation with at and cron Configure system logging Monitor system resources and activities Perform backup and restore UNIT 6:agenda Task automation System logging System monitoring Bakcup and restore 自动化任务 Red hat linux provides three facilities At –execute a task at a specific time Cron –execute tasks at scheduled intervals Anacron –run tasks after 规定prescribed intervals have passwd Using at 适用于计划一次性任务 Use cron instead for recuring events Use atq,atrm to manage jobs Atq –lists pending jobs(and job ids) atq Atrm –deletes pending job by job id atrm jobid Example: at time xxxx-xx-xx $at 6:00 At mail joe joe.msg ctrl+d Controlling access to at Use access files /etc/at.allow 默认不存在 /etc/at.deny 默认允许所有人用 Contains usernames to whom access is allowed or denied Using cron 适用于计划重复性任务 Use crontab to edit,install,and view job schedules Syntax Crontab [-u user] file 针对用户或者当前 Crontab [-l|-r|-e] 文件自动创建,list,rm,edit,user Crontab 格式 30 6 * * 0 /home/joe/mailmom.sh Minute 0-59 第 30分钟,逗号 Hour 0-23 第六个小时 Day 1-31 第几天 Month 1-12 第几个月 Day of week 0-6 星期几 Command 命令; System crontab files Different format than user crontab files Master crontab file /etc/crontab runs executables in Cat /etc/crontab /etc/cron.hourly /etc/cron.daily /etc/cron.weekly /etc/cron.monthly /etc/cron.d/directory contains additional system crontab files Controlling access to cron Restrict /allow user access to cron /etc/cron.allow /etc/cron.deny Contains usernames to allow / deny access for Using anacron Does not assume machine is powered at all times. Not a daemon like cron Userful on laptops,workstations Only by root The anacrontab file Schedules anacron tasks Cat /etc/anacrontab Format different from crontab 7 10 weekly.tasks /opt/bin/weekly.sh Interval(days) 间隔 Delay(min) 10 min later not at the same time Label such as name Command Using tmpwatch Cleans old files out of specified directories Useful for keepin