级数求和常用方法.docVIP

级数求和的常用方法 摘 要 级数理论及应用无论对数学学科本身还是在其他科学技术及理论的发展中都有极为重要的影响和作用，而级数求和是级数理论及应用的主要内容之一.由于级数求和的方法比较多，技巧性很强，一般很难掌握其规律，是学习的一个难点，因此掌握一些常用的级数求和方法就显得尤为重要.通过例题，分别针对常用的数项级数和函数项级数求和进行分析和讨论，试图通过对例题的分析和解决，展示级数求和的常用方法和思想，进而探索级数求和的规律，理解级数理论即合理应用，打下良好的基础，为学习者起到抛砖引玉的方法. 关键词：数项级数；函数项级数；求和；常用方法 Summation of series method in common use Abstract Progression theory and application still are having the most important effect and function on the development of science and technology and theory disregarding logarithmic discipline per se, but summation of series is one of progression theory and applicative main content. Method of summation of series is comparatively many, the dexterity is very strong, in general very difficult to have its law in hand, be a difficult point studying, have some summation of series in common use method in hand therefore appearing especially important right away. Carry out analysis and discuss that by the fact that the example , difference are aimed at several progression and function item summation of series in common use, try to pass the analysis checking an example and solve, show summation of series method and thought in common use , probe and then the summation of series law , understand that progression theory is that reasonableness applies , lays down fine basis, in order the learner gets the method arriving at a modest spur to induce someone to come forward with his valuable contributions. Key words: Count progression; function series; Sue for peace; Method in common use目 录 引 言 1 第一章 级数简介 2 1.1 级数理论前史 2 1.2 级数的定义 3 第二章 数项级数的求和方法 4 2.1 根据定义求级数的和 4 2.2 利用已知级数直接求和法 5 2.3 连锁消去法 6 2.4 方程式法 7 2.5 利用子序列法 8 2.6 根据幂级数理论求级数的和(利用Abel第二定理) 9 2.7 利用Fourier级数理论求级数的和 11 2.8 利用复数的Euler公式和De Moiver公式. 12 2.9 利用Euler常数法 13 第三章 函数项级数求和 14 3.1 微积分法 14 3.1.1 逐项微分，求和后再积分 14 3.1.2 逐项积分，求和后再微分 15 3.2 微分方程式法 16 3.3 复数项幂级数求和法（主要计算三角函数项级数的和） 18 结论 20 参考文献 21 谢 辞 22 第一章 级数简介 1.1 级数发展简介 数学史上级数出现的很早，在两千多年前人们就有了粗糙的级数思想.古希腊时期，亚里士多德(Aristotle，公元前384一公元前322)就知道公比小于l(大于零)的几何级数可以求出和数.芝诺(