第1章_绪论-英文.ppt

1.4 Representative Computer Families Pentium 4004(1971,4bits,0.108MHz,2300 transistors on a chip,640B memory) 8008(1972,8bits,0.108MHz,3500 transistors on a chip,16KB memory) 8080(1974,8bits,2MHz,6000 transistors on a chip,64KB memory) 8086(1978,16bits,5~10MHz,29000 transistors on a chip,1MB memory) 8088(1979,a slower and cheaper version of 8086,with same parameters) 80286(1982,16bits,8~12MHz,134000 transistors on a chip,16MB memory) 80386(1985,32bits,16~33MHz,275000 transistors on a chip,4GB memory) 80486(1989,32bit,25~100MHz,1.2M transistors) 1.4 Representative Computer Families Pentium Pentium(1993,32bits datapath,64-bit bus,60~233MHz,3.1M transistors, 2-issue superscalar of pipeline depth =5) Pentiumpro(1995,64bits datapath,64-bit bus,150~200MHz,5.5M transistors, 2-issue superscalar of pipeline depth =12) PentiumⅡ (1997,32bits,230~400MHz,7.5M transistors, Pentium Ⅱ plus MMX instructions) Pentium Ⅲ (1999,64bit 1-Gbps system bus,500~1000MHz,95M transistors, SSE instructions, superscalar processor pipeline depth =10) Pentium Ⅳ (2000,64bit 32-Gbps system bus,1.3~1.8GHz,42M transistors, MMX and SSE instructions, superscalar pipeline depth=20) Itanium Ⅳ(IA-64 architecture,6-wide 10-stage deep pipeline)安腾 1.4 Representative Computer Families SPARC Family Originated from Sun Microsystems Corporation in 1987.（工作站） Designed to be more powerful than ordinary personal computers. Aiming at high-end applications SUN-1,SUN-2,SUN-3 1987 Scalable Processor ARChitecure (可伸缩体系结构) 32-bits, 36 MHz RISC machine 1995 UltraSPARC ，64-bits machine with 23 new instructions called the VIS (可视信号系统). 1.4 Representative Computer Families UltraSPARC UltraSPARC-Ⅰ：0.5um CMOS, 167MHz UltraSPARC-Ⅱ：0.25um, 250~480MHz，a pipeline of 9 stages. UltraSPARC-Ⅲ：0.18um, 750~900MHz，a pipeline of 14 stages，4 integer execution units and three floating-point units, offering super-scalar performance（超标量性能）. 1.4 Representative Computer Fam