词汇学-6.pptVIP

Chapter 6词的语义分类 Semantic classification of words Definition: Classification by the semantic relationship among words. Hyponymy Definition: It deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion, that is, the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. Synonyms Definition: Words different in sound and spelling but most nearly alike or exactly the same essential meaning. Types of synonyms Absolute synonyms: identical in meaning in all aspects (both in grammatical and lexical) Types of synonyms (cont’d) Relative synonyms: near-synonyms are similar of nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality. Sources of synonyms ① Borrowing Latin, French. Greek ② Dialects and regional English Discrimination of synonyms The differences between synonyms down to three areas: Denotation Connotation Application Difference in denotation Differ in the range and intensity of meaning Difference in connotation The stylistic and emotive coloring of words, the same denotation but differ in their stylistic appropriateness. Difference in application Synonymous in meaning but different in usage in simple terms, they form collocations and fit into different sentence patterns. Antonym Words which are opposite in meaning, there are a variety of oppositeness, they can be classified into three major groups (contradictory/ contrary/ relative terms). Contradictory term Truly represent oppositeness of meaning. The one of the pair is the denial of the other. Non-gradable cannot be used in comparative degrees and do not allow adverbs of intensity like very to quality term. Contrary term A scale running between two poles or extremes, the two opposites are gradable and one exist in comparison with the other. Relative term Relational opposites such as parent/ child, husband/ wife, one of them cannot be used without suggesting the other. Thank you! * *