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Chapter I
The basic concepts of
words and vocabulary
Objectives:
Introduce a definition of a word;
Put forward the three main principles of lexical classification;
Elaborate on the features of basic word stock and non-basic vocabulary.
Teaching focus:
Definition of a word
Definition of vocabulary
Classification of words
Basic word stock and non-basic vocabulary
Content words and functional words
Native words and borrowed words
1.1 What is a word?
A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.
词是具有一定的声音、意义和语法功能,能独立运用的最小的语言单位。
参照Para3 on P3 the definition given by Bloomfield: a minimum free form is a word.
1.2 What is vocabulary?
The total number of the words in a language.
All the words used in a particular historical period.
All the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person.
What is lexicology?
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics dealing with the vocabulary of a given language. It treats of words, their origin, development, history, structure, and meaning.
Cf. p17 para.1-2
1.3 Sound and meaning
What’s the relationship between sound and meaning? (cf. p32)
Arbitrary
Conventional
1.4 Sound and form
What causes the differences between sound and form?
More morphemes than letters,
Stabilization of spelling,
Deliberate change of spelling by early, scribes for easier recognition,
Borrowing of foreign words.
1.5 Classification of words
Criterion : by use frequency
Basic word stock
Non-basic vocabulary
Criterion: by notion
Content words
Functional words
Criterion : by use frequency
Native words
Borrowed words
Basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary
基本词汇和非基本词汇
Basic word stock
5 basic features of the basic word stock
All national character 全民性
Stability 稳定性
Productivity 能产性
Polysemy 多义性
Collocability 搭配能力强
Non-basic vocabulary
Terminology 专
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