词汇学1-9.docVIP

Chapter I The basic concepts of words and vocabulary Objectives: Introduce a definition of a word; Put forward the three main principles of lexical classification; Elaborate on the features of basic word stock and non-basic vocabulary. Teaching focus: Definition of a word Definition of vocabulary Classification of words Basic word stock and non-basic vocabulary Content words and functional words Native words and borrowed words 1.1 What is a word? A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function. 词是具有一定的声音、意义和语法功能，能独立运用的最小的语言单位。 参照Para3 on P3 the definition given by Bloomfield: a minimum free form is a word. 1.2 What is vocabulary? The total number of the words in a language. All the words used in a particular historical period. All the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person. What is lexicology? Lexicology is a branch of linguistics dealing with the vocabulary of a given language. It treats of words, their origin, development, history, structure, and meaning. Cf. p17 para.1-2 1.3 Sound and meaning What’s the relationship between sound and meaning? (cf. p32) Arbitrary Conventional 1.4 Sound and form What causes the differences between sound and form? More morphemes than letters, Stabilization of spelling, Deliberate change of spelling by early, scribes for easier recognition, Borrowing of foreign words. 1.5 Classification of words Criterion : by use frequency Basic word stock Non-basic vocabulary Criterion: by notion Content words Functional words Criterion : by use frequency Native words Borrowed words Basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 基本词汇和非基本词汇 Basic word stock 5 basic features of the basic word stock All national character 全民性 Stability 稳定性 Productivity 能产性 Polysemy 多义性 Collocability 搭配能力强 Non-basic vocabulary Terminology 专