English Wordformation词汇学.pptVIP

English Word-Formation by Kelly Yang Means of Word-Formation 2.1 Derivation/Affixation Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding affixes to the roots. a. Prefixation ------ to change the meaning of a word. b. Suffixation ------ to change the class or function of a word. Prefixes Negtive prefixes: a-, dis-, in-, un- Reversative or privative prefixes: de-, dis-, un-, Pejorative prefixes:mal-, mis-, pseudo- Prefixes of degree or size:arch-, hyper-, mini-, out-, over-, sub-, super-, sur-, ultra- Prefixes of attitude:anti-, co-, countra-, counter-, pro- Locative prefixes:fore-, inter-, sub- Prefixes of time and order:ex-, fore-, post-, pre- Number prefixes:uni-, mono-, semi-, bi-, di-, tri-, multi-, poly- e.g. dis-: dishonest(ly) not honest(ly) disloyal(ly) not loyal(ly) disorder lack of order disuse the state of no longer being used disobey fail to obey in-(il-/ir-/im-): incomplete not complete illiterate unable to read and write illogical without logic immortal that will not die irrational against rational behavior e.g. super-: (1) means more than, very special supernatural---not explained by natural laws supersized---of extremely large size (2)meanson top,hierarchically superior superfreeze---to freeze to a very low temperature ssuperpower---excessive power;an extremely powerful country Suffixes Noun suffixes: -eer, -er, -ess, -ette, -let, -ster, -ate, -dom, -ery, -hood, -ing, -ism, -al, -ship, -ant, -ance, -ation, -ence, -ment, -ity, -ness, -ist, -ite, -an, -ese, -ure, -or, -cy, -y, -age, -ry, -ful, -ling, -ee Adjective suffixes: -ed, -ant, -ful, -ish, -less, -like, -ly, -al, -esque, -ic, -ous, -able, -ative, -ive, -sive Adverb suffixes: -ly, -ward(s), -wise Verb suffixes: -ate, -en, -ify, -i