果树学报10月投稿.docVIP

梨雄性不育系新梨7号花蕾花药的生化分析( 何天明 （新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院，乌鲁木齐，830052） 摘要：以梨雄性可育系香梨为对照，研究了不育系新梨7号在小孢子发育期间花蕾花药中游离氨基酸总量、游离脯氨酸含量、过氧代氢酶活性的变化。结果表明，伴随着花芽萌动和花粉母细胞减数分裂，花芽花药中氨基酸总量呈上升趋势，并且香梨略高于新梨7号。新梨7号与香梨脯氨酸含量均在萌芽期表现出上升态势，进入4月后香梨增幅明显高于新梨7号，以至在四月中旬开花时香梨脯氨酸含量比同期新梨7号高出数倍。在整个花芽萌动期，香梨过氧化氢酶活性持续升高，新梨7号在花芽萌芽前期与香梨同步提高，但在在4月1日达到峰值后呈快速下降趋势，以至在开花时香梨花药中过氧化氢酶活性已高出新梨7号数倍。结合解剖学上发现的证据，初步认为不育系花药内氨基酸代谢失调是小孢子败育的重要特征，其中脯氨酸缺乏是其花粉败育的主要结果。过氧化氢酶等保护性酶在不育系新梨7号进入蕾期单核花粉粒开始发育时活性骤降，不能有效地消除超氧离子集团，致使药壁绒毡层膜脂过氧化作用加剧，单核花粉粒因酶代谢失调而解体。 关键词：梨，雄性不育，游离氨基酸，脯氨酸，过氧化氢酶 Analysis of Free Amino Acids and Catalase Activity in Floral Buds and Anthers in Male-sterile Pear （College of Forestry ＆Horticure, Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi, 830052） Abstract: With male-fertile Xiangli as control, the total free amino and free proline contents and catalase (CAT) activity in floral buds and anthers in male-sterile Xinli No.7 were detected at microspore developmental stages . With germination of floral buds and meiosis of pollen mother cells，the total free amino acids content in Xiangli was higher than that in Xinli No.7．The enhance of free proline of Xiangli was higher than that of Xinli No.7 during the whole bud germination. Therefore, at anthesis of mid-April, Xiangli was several folds higher than Xinli No.7 in proline in anthers. In the bud developmental period，the CAT activity in Xiangli floral buds grew continuously. In the early period, the enhance of CAT activity of Xinli No.7 was simlar to Xiangli. But since April 1, after reaching a maximum, the CAT activity of Xinli No.7 began decrease dramatically. At anthesis, the CAT activity of Xiangli was several times higher than that of Xinli No.7. Combining with anatomical study, we supposed that the single-nuclear pollen abortion is characteristic of abnormal metabolism of amimo acid. One of them was insufficience of proline in male sterile anthers. Due to decrease of CAT activity As a kind of protective enzymes such as CAT could not fully clean away those activeoxygens in anthers. So the