自然语言和逻辑语言_人脑和电脑.pdfVIP

2003 年第2 期 外 语 与 外 语 教 学 2003 , №2 总 第 167 期 Foreign Languages and Their Teaching Serial №167 自然语言与逻辑语言:人脑与电脑 隋　然 (首都师范大学 ,北京 　100037) 　　摘 　要 :与自然语言相对的是逻辑语言。自然语言是人脑与人脑的交际工具 ,逻辑语言是人脑与电脑的交际工具。认 知科学认为 ,思维和认知是知识的逻辑运算 ,任何计算化的自然语言分析都主要依赖逻辑语言对这种分析的表述。研究心 智表现及其运算的认知科学理论追求的是心智研究的物质体现 ,这最终将导致语言学研究进入自然科学研究。自然语言 的高度形式化描写对计算机程序的机械模仿至关重要 ,但理解力模仿不同于机械模仿 ,它们之间的区别非常类似自然语言 中形式操作与意义操作之间的不同。机械模仿涉及的是形式性质 ,而理解力模仿涉及的却是准语义性质。现阶段计算机 以机械模仿为主并通过逻辑语言与人类的自然语言对话。 关键词 : 自然语言;逻辑语言 ;形式化描写 ;计算机认知 　　Abstract :Logic language is opposite to natural language. Natural language is the means by which people communicate with each other while logic language is the means by which people communicate with computer. According to cognitive science , cognition is logical opera tion of knowledge while thinking is computation. Any computerized analysis of natural language mainly depends on the expression of the logic language. What it is seeking for the theory of cognitive science studying on the expression of the mind and computation is the physical re flection on mind study. This will eventually lead linguistic research to natural science study. The highly formative description of natural lan guage is of vital importance to mechanical simulation of computer programme. Man’s comprehenstion is quite different from mechanical sim ulation. The difference is quite similar to the one between form and meaning operations in natural language. Mechanical simulation deals with something formulated while comprehensive simulation involves quasisemantics quality. At present time computer mainly operates by mechanical simulation and communicate with man through logic language. Key words :natural languag