Fluid and Electrolyte Balance.ppt

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Electrolytes Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) help keep fluids in the proper compartments Intracellular water Extracellular water Electrolytes Enable nerves to respond Signal muscles to contract Primary electrolytes-major minerals More than 0.1 grams (or 100 mg) required per day in the diet These include: Sodium Potassium Chloride Phosphorus Sodium: + ion of table salt (NaCl) No known human diet lacks sodium Minimum requirement about 500 mg/day estimated safe and adequate Daily intake Average intake in US for men = 3300 mg/day(equal to 8 grams of salt/day) AI = 1500 mg/day 2400 mg/day most common rec. Sodium Functions Scientific Method Google Image Result for www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/eustruct/images/sppump.gif Fluid balance Blood pressure Acid-base balance Nerve transmission Active transport mechanism Hypertension Definition Diastolic Blood Pressure 90 mm Hg Systolic Blood Pressure 140 mm Hg Desirable 120/80 Hypertension and Disease Stroke 2/3rds with first stroke have HTN 7 times more likely than normal Coronary heart disease 1/2 with first MI have HTN 3 times more likely than normal End-stage Renal Failure Blindness Risk Factors Age Ethnicity Family History Obesity Diet and Hypertension Weight Loss Moderate weight loss Regular exercise Diet and Hypertension Alcohol 1-2 servings per day 2 servings increases risk of HTN Potassium fruits and vegetables Fish Oils Calcium Calcium, Linus Pauling Institutes Micronutrient Information Center The DASH Diet Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet rich in fruit vegetable grain products Low/non fat dairy, fish and meats DASH-Na Conclusions DASH diet lowers BP Sodium reduction lowers BP Combination of DASH and Na reduction effects greater than separately DASH+low-Na reduced Systolic BP by: 11.5mm Hg in HTN subjects 7.1 mm Hg in borderline HTN subjects * * ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Blood Pressure