Module G1Electric Power Generation and Machine Controls.ppt

Module G1Electric Power Generation and Machine Controls James D. McCalley Overview Energy transformation into electrical form Generation operation Revolving magnetic field Phasor diagram Equivalent Circuit Power relationships Generator pull-out power Excitation control Turbine speed control Energy Transformation Transformation processes: Chemical photovoltaic electromechanical Electromechanical: conversion of energy from coal, petroleum, natural gas, uranium, water flow, geothermal, and wind into electrical energy Turbine-synchronous AC generator conversion process most common in industry today Feedback Control Systems for Synchronous Generators Turbine-generator basic form Governor and excitation systems are known as feedback control systems; they control the speed and voltage respectively Synchronous Machine Structure Synchronous Machine Structure Generation Operation The generator is classified as a synchronous machine because it is only at synchronous speed that it can develop electromagnetic torque = frequency in rad/sec = machine speed in RPM p = number of poles on the rotor of the machine Generation Operation A magnetic field is provided by the DC-current carrying field winding which induces the desired AC voltage in the armature winding Field winding is always located on the rotor where it is connected to an external DC source via slip rings and brushes or to a revolving DC source via a special brushless configuration Armature winding is located on the stator where there is no rotation The armature consists of three windings all of which are wound on the stator, physically displaced from each other by 120 degrees Synchronous Machine Structure Generation Operation: The revolving magnetic field = flux associated with the revolving magnetic field which links the armature windings. It will have a flux density of B. At any given time t, the B-field will be constant along the coil. B