NURSHSCI 597Frequency Distribution.ppt

NURS/HSCI 597Frequency Distribution Heibatollah Baghi, and Mastee Badii Levels of Measurement Nominal-Level data is merely descriptive (e.g. religion, country name, region). Any assigned numerical value is merely for convenience (e.g. Christian = 1, Jewish = 2, Buddhist = 3) Ordinal-Level data has rank order, though intervals between data points cannot be considered equal (e.g. high/medium/low income, GDP/capita rank, HDI rank) Interval-Level data has equal intervals between data points Ratio-Level data has equal intervals between data points and a true zero Table 1: Grades from 50 Students Ungrouped Frequency Distribution of Heart Rates Sort the data Tally the data (mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive) Sum the tally (Sum of frequencies = sample size) Ungrouped Frequency Distribution of Heart Rate Scores Frequency Percentages Cumulative Percentages % = (f / N) * 100 Percentage = First divide frequency by sample size and then multiply by 100 Cumulative percentage shows the percentage of scores that are equal to or lesser than a specified score. SPSS Steps for Frequency Distribution Heart Rate Frequency Distribution Choose the Type of Chart that Best Describes a Variable Characteristic Bar chart is used for Nominal or Ordinal data Pie chart is an alternative to the bar chart Histogram is appropriate for interval ratio Polygon is equivalent to histogram but appear smoother Bar Graph Works for Nominal or Ordinal data Consists of a horizontal (X-axis) and vertical dimension (Y-axis) Categories are along the X-axis Frequencies or percentages are displayed on Y-axis SPSS can draw a bar graph for you SPSS Steps: Recode for Bar Chart SPSS Steps: Bar Chart Bar Chart for Heart Rate Categories Histograms(Grouped Frequency Distribution) Used for interval or ratio level data X-axis shows the categories, next to each other Y-axis shows the frequency or relative frequency Histograms are grouped-data frequency distributions Histogram for Student Grades Find the