NURSING HISTORY, EDUCATION AND ORGANIZATION.ppt

NURSING HISTORY, EDUCATION AND ORGANIZATION Nursing: An Art…A Science By using scientific knowledge in a humane way, nursing combines rational, scientific methods with caring behavior. Nursing focuses not on the illness but the client’s response to illness. Historical Overview Nursing is an ancient profession that has evolved alongside human civilization. Religion heavily influenced this evolution. Many early hospitals were tied to organized religion. During the industrial revolution, scientific methods became more important. Florence Nightingale The founder of modern nursing. She established the first school for nurses that provided theory-based knowledge and clinical skill-building. Encouraged the belief that there is a body of nursing knowledge distinct from medical knowledge. Nightingale’s Accomplishments Demonstrated the value of nursing care in reducing morbidity rates in the Crimean War Established the Nightingale School for Nurses at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London Advocated the principles of cleanliness and nutrition in promoting health Developed public awareness of the need for nurses. The Civil War Nursing America’s tragic conflict underscored the need for nursing. Clara Barton (1821-1912) volunteered her nursing skills and organized the Red Cross in the United States after the war. Pioneers of Nursing Lillian Wald: First community health nurse. Isabel Hampton Robb: Founded nursing organizations. Adelaide Nutting: First nurse appointed as university professor. Lavinia Dock: Author of early textbooks. Mary Breckenridge: Serviced rural America. Mamie Hale: Educator of midwives. Mary Mahoney: America’s first African-American nurse. Linda Richards: America’s first trained nurse. (Note: The term trained nurse preceded registered nurse). “Practical” Nursing Women who cared for others, but who had no formal education, often called themselves “practical nurses.” Early Practical Nursing Schools Ballard School. Opened in 1892 in New York City by the YMCA. T